Human Resource Management Compensation - 1764 Words

Career Development Plan IV Compensation InterClean is entering a new strategic target and upper management has asked for a proposed compensation plan purposely for the new sales team. Recommendations for the new compensation plan will be submitted to the human resource department manager for endorsement. The foundation of the new compensation plan was developed after reviewing the job analysis, training program, and performance management plan. The plan includes a description of the prepared proposal and the explanation of an effective pay system. The three parts of a total rewards package to encourage employees to achieve highest performance is implemented in this strategic plan. The compensation plan also illustrates the designed†¦show more content†¦According to a survey of recent college graduates, a retail salesperson earns an average of $1,560 per month or $9.75 hourly (Able Recruiters, 2009). In the median wage of retail salespersons, the average annual earning is $19,437 or $9.34 hourly (Texas Workforce, 2 009). Since Susan Blunt is seniority based pay, she will be deal within a different perspective. Presently she is at the maximum rate of pay in grade 4 and her point spread is 143. Blunt’s starting pay should be the maximum rate of grade 5, which is $19.33. Employees’ Benefits As an added attraction, benefits were designed for the sales team. These benefits included are healthcare insurance, life insurance, disability insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, and retirement plans. InterClean will acquire 85% of the cost of the healthcare by providing a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) for all employees. The life insurance will cost employees $10 a month per $10,000 units. InterClean will obtain the cost of the short-term disability and the employees can purchase the long-term disability at a reasonable price. The company will provide workers’ compensation insurance that pays employees 80% of salary if injured on the job. As a courtesy and motivation, InterClean will pay the 20% in a hump sum payment when employees return to work along with any impairment rating. The retirement plan consists of a 401-plan where InterClean will matchShow MoreRelatedCompensation And Human Resource Management2215 Words   |  9 Pages Compensation and Human Resource Management Introduction The Human Resources Division provides aid to planning required, retaining the flexibility to cope with unforeseen situations. There remains, however, understood that, within of its powers, each manager is also responsible for the preparation the resources necessary to establish the company. Having a vision, mission, objectives and clearly defined procedures are based and guidance for staff working in the company does the work (ArmstrongRead MoreRole of Compensation in Human Resources Management773 Words   |  4 Pages Compensation and Benefits: Definition and Importance Compensation, Benefits, Employee Benefits, fringe benefits, compensation and benefits Posted by Numan Nazir on Friday, 02/12/2010 12:07 am       Human Resource Management (HRM) has never been as significant as it is today. Companies want to attract, retain and motivate brains to meet objectives. Today Humans are regarded as one of every company’s assets so they need to be efficiently and effectively managed. One of the tools companies use to attractRead MoreRewarding Employees Through Compensation and the Role Job Analysis and Hr Planning Has on the Organisations Performance with Strategic Human Resource Management and Remedies6185 Words   |  25 PagesREWARDING EMPLOYEES THROUGH COMPENSATION AND THE ROLE JOB ANALYSIS AND HR PLANNING HAS ON THE ORGANISATIONS PERFORMANCE WITH STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND REMEDIES CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. ASSIGNMENT ONE Read MoreHuman Resource Management1155 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management Importance of Human Resource Planning and Compensation and benefits to employees and their roles in aiding an organization achieve its business strategy. Define Human Resource Management, Human Resource Planning, Compensation and benefits and their connection leading to employee’s satisfaction and meeting the organization’s business strategies. Topic Outline I. Introduction II. Human Resources as a source of competitive advantage III. Human Resource Planning Read MoreThe Importance of an Organizations Performance Management System1538 Words   |  7 Pagesvalue to the organization, it needs to be systematic and purposeful. In order to explain the impact that a performance management system can have on other areas of human resource management, it is necessary to define the relationship between a performance management system and human resource management. First, a performance management system is one area of human resource management. It is now becoming a strategic issue for organizations, in their pursuit of addressing deficiencies in the performanceRead MoreTaking a Look at Worker Compensation787 Words   |  3 PagesThe Human Resource is one of the main departments in a business that was established to serve the rights of the employees and the policy of the organization. It is then divided into sub disciplines which consist of Compensation and Benefits as one of the essence in the structure of managing an entire workforce. As being mentioned in www.boundless.com, Compensation deals with the salary and wages of the employees. There are several definitions about Compensation, but generally, Compensation is theRead MoreWhy Is Human Resource Management Important For Developing Of Organization?1476 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"What is management of human resource?† â€Å"Why is human resource management important for developing of organization?†. Answer is organizations cannot develop a good team of working professionals without good human resource in the 21st century. Human resource management is a function in organizations outlined to maximize employee performance in service of an employer s strategic objectives and human resource management affects with the management of people within organizations, concentrating on policiesRead MoreThe Human Resource Management Strategy Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesGoogles human resource management strategy maintains a compensation st rategy that is very competitive. The compensation strategy focuses on addressing the interests of well performing employees at the company. The company’s career development program is designed in a way that ensures that all its employees are given considerable opportunities for their personal and professional career growth. This competitive compensation strategy and the career development programs which are very holistic enablesRead MoreHuman Resource (Employees) Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization.1599 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion : â€Å"Human Resource (employees) is the most important asset of an organization.† Introduction Traditionally, human resource focused mainly on administrative functions and process personnel management. However, due to technology advancement, administrative tasks have reduced. The role of human resource has shifted and seems to be taking up more responsibility in company strategic planning and development. This theory has been supported in the work of Noe et al (2010, p.719) Durai (2010Read MoreCompensation Plan For Marriott, Inc.1585 Words   |  7 PagesMarriott Compensation Outline Assessing the current compensation plan to establish if it is suitable for Marriott, Inc. The present compensation plan of Marriott, Inc. aims at drawing and maintaining the best human resources possible. The plan serves numerous reasons for Marriott, Inc. Compensation plan for executives is a result through a committee and mainly depend on an extended term in fair compensation. Ensuring that the executives makes the decision that correlates with the objectives of

Psychoanalysis The Height Of Academia Essay - 1635 Words

Martin Seligman: Well the state of psychoanalysis wouldn’t exactly put it on a pedestal to measure my work against†¦ Sigmund Freud: What are you proposing? Is Psychoanalysis not the height of academia in your time? Martin Seligman: Only if the height of academia includes the isolation of most psychoanalytic ideas as well as psychoanalysis losing its place within psychiatric education (Hoffman 2010). A lot of psychoanalysis has gone unacknowledged in my era, outside of psychology within pop culture (WYCCWYC). Much of this has to do with your first and only trip to America in 1909, in which you did not leave a very big impact; you had come to â€Å"the land of unbridled optimism† to spread your grand message that the best one could hope for was â€Å"somewhere in the centre of repression and abandon† (Greenberg 2010) Sigmund Freud: America was a land in its infancy, obsessed with the pursuit of happiness that would soon grow to be a compulsion, they were not ready for the â€Å"plague I was bringing them† (harper). Is that all there is to my legacy? Surely my work has secured its place in the grand history of psychology! Martin Seligman: You’re right! In the 50s 60’s, psychoanalysis was the premier method within psychiatry (Hoffman 2010). Within that time, any colleague within the field was likely to find themselves running into one of your theories, and either (a): finding their idea was much less original than they had previously thought, or (b): finding that their idea vehementlyShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestextbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et

Accounting Policies of ASX Listed Company-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Assess accounting policies and estimates of your selected ASX listed Company. Answer: Introduction With the increasing ramification of economic changes and complex business structure, each and every company in Australia has to report their financial statement by following proper level of GAAP rules, regulations and international financial accounting standard. There are several normative and positive theories of financial accounting which could be undertaken by company to prepare their financial statements in determined approach. In this report, accounting standards and policies followed by Australian listed company has been followed in determined approach. There are several Australian companies which have been following IFRS standards and GAAP rules while reporting their financial statements with reporting authorities on international level. However, due to increasing complexity and different legal compliance, these companies have been facing problem in establishment of harmonization in their accounting and reporting frameworks. In this report, estimation of the financial data has been reflected. After that, red flags and problems have been identified which reflects companys reporting formats. Ideally, in case of conflict between IFRS standards and GAAP rules, company override GAAP rules with IFRS standards while following accounting and reporting frameworks. Accounting policies could be defined as set of rules, accounting standards and policies which are used by organization to prepare accounting and reporting frameworks. It is evaluated that accounting policies adopted by company depends upon the management and accounts discretion. In this report, Atlassian Software Company has been taken into consideration and after evaluating the accounting and financial frameworks, various red flags and estimation has been found. Present description of organization In this report, Atlassian Software company has been taken into consideration to identify the estimates in accounting reporting and red flags which company has faced in its reporting frameworks. It is an Australian supermarket company trading as supermarket chain and selling goods and service to clients through its off line and online supermarket channel. The CEO of company is John Durkan and having more than 1, 17,000 employees. This company has followed proper IFRS standards and GAAP rules to establish harmonization in GAAP rules and International accounting standards in its reporting frameworks (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2010) Accounting policies and GAAP rules followed by Atlassian Software company With the increasing international business of Atlassian Software company, it has followed various accounting policies and GAAP rules in its accounting and reporting frameworks (Irvine and Moerman, 2017). Atlassian Software company, in its depreciation charging method has followed straight line method to identify present value of assets. However, this method has shown inefficiency in showing the true value of assets and will result charging less amount of depreciation as compared to overall assets value. (Hussey and Ong, 2017). Company has recorded all of its lease transactions as per AASB16 rules and standards. Atlassian Software Company has implemented provision of right of use assets in reporting of its underlying leased assets. However, the leased expenses charged by company have been treated as capital expenditure. Consolidation of financial statements and reporting of same have been done by following proper AASB-5 IFRS set rules and given standards (Cairns, et al. 2011). As per the IAS-136 Atlassian Software Company has implemented impairment test and charged all of its impairment loss from goodwill and other cash generating units (de Ricquebourg and Jonathan, 2013). Atlassian Software Company has prepared its consolidated financial statement as per AASB 101. These all AASB standards and GAAP rules has also allowed company to prepare its financial statements as per the IFRS rules and standards. AASB-117 is the accounting standard which has been followed by Atlassian Software Company to record its financial lease transaction. Estimates used by Atlassian Software Company Atlassian Software Company has followed IFRS and AASB standards while recording of its financial transaction in its books of accounts. There are several future estimates which have been used by Atlassian Software Company in its financial reporting frameworks such as income tax payment, valuation of inventories management, joint venture transactions, commitment of company and evaluating the recording frameworks of organization (Clinton, Pinello and Skaife, 2014). Atlassian Software Company has taken all the estimates collected from subsidiaries companies and on the basis of collected information it has prepared its consolidated financial statement. In addition to this, lease agreement and differed tax payment are the estimation used by company in its annual report. (Nobes and Stadler, 2015). However, there are several outcomes which could be observed by Atlassian Software Company in its reporting framework. If company follows proper level IFRS rules and accounting standards then it will make easy for investors to interpret the data. As per the AASB-5 Atlassian Software Company has made proper level of consolidated of its financial statement and made disclosure of its estimations in its financial notes of accounts (Steman, 2016). Atlassian Software Company has established harmonization in its IFRS rules and GAAP standards. Atlassian Software Company has implemented IAS-136 to implement impairment test to identify the true and fair view of its assets in the books of account. It has maintained estimation for liabilities for wages and salary including all the non-monetary transactions and set off within 12 months from the reporting period. Estimates used by rivals In Australian super market business, there are several rivals who are following IFRS rules and estimation in their reporting frameworks. Nonetheless, the estimation used by all of these companies is different from each others. These estimations are used to set off the unbalanced reporting structure and reporting of consolidated financial statement with the reporting authorities. There are several rivals such as Woolworth, Wesfarmers and Morrison plc who have made these compliance in easy and determined approach. Morrison plc has made estimation for recording of its debt assets and deferred payment in its books of account (Mardini, Crawford and Power, 2015). All the contingent liabilities and other expenses which are not charged by these companies in their books of accounts are shown under the footnotes and notes to account. There are other estimations which are used by these rivals in their reporting frameworks such as determining the present value factors, flow of cash in business a nd financial leverage estimation. Comparison of accounting policies and estimates used by Atlassian Software Company and Morrison plc Accounting rules Atlassian Software Company Morrison plc AS per IFRS-5 ( Rehabilitation and injecting of funds Atlassian Software Company has followed IFRS-5 provisions and rehabilitation for injecting money and capital in the business operation of company. Nonetheless, these transactions have been recorded as capital nature transactions (Cline, Garner and Yore, 2014). Company has made proper level of bifurcation in its revenue and capital nature transactions. However, expenses incurred for the benefits of more than one year are booked as capital nature transaction. IAS-136 As per the IAS-136, company as implemented proper level of impairment test to identify the true and faire view of assets on periodic basis. This impairment test is implemented on the basis of annual basis in its accounting and reporting frameworks Morrison plc implements its impairment test on random basis. It is evaluated that whenever company estimates that there is changes in its assets value as per the value shown in market value. Income tax payment and tariffs paid for one year charged as revenue expenditure and expenses for more than one years are treated as capital expenditure. Atlassian Software Company takes estimation from subsidiary company and prepare its consolidated financial statements as per the AASB-5 Company has prepared its financial statement as per the AASB-5. However, all the estimation taken from the subsidiaries company is done by taking management representation letter from all of subsidiaries companies. IFRS-23 (treatment of income tax payment All the tariffs and income tax payment is considered as operating expenses. However, company has charged deferred tax as capital expenditure (Chen, Cumming, Hou, and Lee, 2016). Assesse accounting flexibility Atlassian Software Company has recorded all of its assets at its cost value after implementation of impairment test as per the IAS-136. Company has charged all of its impairment loss from goodwill and other cash generating units. In addition to this, classification of assets has been made in Atlassian Software Company as per the AASB-105 (Christensen, et al. 2015). In addition to this, inventory management is done by following inventory management techniques and determining the economic order quantity. This process will strengthen the reporting of company and passing entries for self- insured liabilities of the Atlassian Software Company. These assets is based on the set number of estimates in different value of Atlassian Software Company and management practice implemented in the books of accounts such as future inflation, application of accounting standards, charging depreciation amount and deferred revenue and taxes and return on investment (Ball, Li and Shivakumar, 2015). Evaluation of accounting strategies and policies Atlassian Software Company has recorded several estimates in its financial books such as future inflation, application of accounting standards, charging depreciation amount and deferred revenue and taxes and return on investment. These estimations set in financial statements will increase the accounting strategies and policies implemented by Atlassian Software Company in its reporting frameworks. However, if proper level of estimations is not used then it may result to discrepancies in the reporting frameworks. Atlassian Software Company has adopted FIFO method to maintain effective level of inventory management in organization. This level of inventory management method has been followed by Atlassian Software Company after following all the rules and regulations of Atlassian Software Company (Sytnik, 2014). In addition to this, depreciation method followed by company is straight line method in which all the depreciation charged is not equal to the assets value in organization. This c ould be understood with the help of given example that Atlassian Software Company has recorded all of its assets and liabilities at their cost value after implementing SLM depreciation method as per IFRS rules. Nonetheless, Company has overridden the GAAP rules for depreciation charging on assets. If company has followed GAAP rules then it would have followed For instance, plants and machinery in Atlassian Software Company has been recorded at cost value as per the IFRS rules and standards. On the other hand, a GAAP rule provides that Atlassian Software Company should record its assets at the cost value and market value whichever is lower. However, Company disclosed all of its required details and assumptions in its notes to account. (Brochet, Naranjo and Yu, 2016). Changes in accounting estimates by the Atlassian Software Company After evaluating the annual report of Atlassian Software Company, it is observed that company has various estimations and assumptions such as impairment test implication loss, market value present factors, deferred tax payment, contingent liabilities. These estimations have several impacts on the profit and loss accounts. For instance, amount of tax paid by company has been charged as operating expenses in business and resulted to decrease in overall profit of company. It has shown that expenses and investment made by company for more than 1 year should be charged as capital expenditure in organizations. This level of business functioning will increase the overall future value of organization and sustainability of business throughout the time. However, if company changes its set estimates then it will result to destruction of its reporting frameworks and making calculations with retrospective efforts. Atlassian Software Company used straight line method in calculating the depreciatio n amount on the assets of company. However, changing the SLM method to written down value method have also resulted to charging depreciation and all the assets from retrospective efforts. This will increase the depreciation amount charged on the assets of company by 12% throughout the time (Bischof, Brggemann and Daske, 2014). Suggestion for accounting policies and estimates prepared by Atlassian Software Company With the increasing ramification of economic changes, Atlassian Software Company has implemented various accounting policies, such as using FIFO method in inventory management, tax implication, accounting and recording of deferred tax and implementing proper estimation and reporting frameworks (Barth, 2013). It is evaluated that company has problem in complying with IFRS rules and standards and GAAP Rules. As per the GAAP rules, company should have estimation of proper accounting values. For instance, contingent liabilities and bifurcation of capital and revenue expenses should be disclosed in the notes to accounts of company. In addition to this, depreciation methods and changes for the same should also be disclosed in the annual report. There are several estimations such as impairment test implication loss, market value present factors, deferred tax payment, contingent liabilities which should be based on the proper facts and accounting principles of company (Aobdia, Lin and Petacc hi, 2015). However, there are several red flags and problem which is faced by company while establishment of reporting and accounting compliance such as recording tax payment and bifurcating revenue and capital expenditure. Red flag in accounting report of Atlassian Software Company Atlassian Software Company has several Red flags in its accounting and reporting frameworks. However, with the increasing ramification and GAAP rules standards. Red flags in accounting report of Atlassian Software Company are defined as problems and threats faced by company in its reporting and accounting frameworks. It is evaluated that if these red flags are not mitigated by company then it may result to destruction of companys value and accounting frameworks (Atkins and Maroun, 2015). Ideally, Atlassian Software Company has identified these problems while reporting its financial statements. In addition to this, remarks given by auditors while auditing the books of accounts will also result increase the overall red flags in several part of the reporting. Monitor revenue and capital expenditure of company Atlassian Software Company has faced red flag in reporting of its expenditure. It becomes very cumbersome to record expenditure of company as revenue and capital expenditure. It is evaluated that Atlassian Software Company has charged all of investment as capital expenditure and expenses relate to operating functions has been charged as capital expenditure. It has shown that company has made bifurcation in its expense to reduce its tax burden and used all the revenue expenses to reduce the overall profit and loss of the year. However, as per the IFRS rules and standards Atlassian Software Company needs to charge all of deferred income tax as capital expenditure and tax expenses related to one year should be charged as revenue expenditure. Nonetheless, bifurcation of these expenses is the major red flag which Atlassian Software Company has been facing in its reporting frameworks. Method of charging depreciation on the assets of company After evaluating the IFRS rules and standards, it is considered that charging depreciation on the assets of company is completely based on the discretion of the management department. Atlassian Software Company has charge straight line method which has resulted to charging depreciation on the assets of company. Nonetheless, charging depreciation through SLM method would result to leaving some of the value of assets uncharged from the profit and loss account. Therefore, company should decide which method of depreciation should be used to disclose the true and fair view of assets (Jaggi, et al. 2016). Inventory valuation method Inventory valuation in Atlassian Software Company is based on the IAS-3. There are several inventory valuation methods such as FIFO, LIFO and other inventory management method. Atlassian Software Company has adopted FIFO method to manage inventory in organization. It has observed that FIFO method has helped Atlassian Software Company to manage the inventories in warehouse of company. This method has allowed company to maintain effective inventory management to reduce the overall cost of production of company. It is observed that if company changes its FIFO inventory management method to LIFO inventory method then it will change the estimations used by company. These inventory methods reduce the overall cost of production of company in determined approach. Changes in net income, cash flow and related party transactions impact As per the IAS24, Atlassian Software Company has to take care of its all related party transactions in its accounting and reporting frameworks. . It is evaluated that if company is having pecuniary relation with other companies then it should not enter into business transactions with those companies. .However, Atlassian Software Company could enter into related party transactions by passing special resolutions in its meeting. . After evaluating the annual report of company, it is evaluated that company has made all of its business transactions with other organizations by passing resolution. Moreover, company has shown its entire contingent liabilities in the notes to account. These are the expenses which may or may not arise in the organization. As per the IFRS rules, company could showcase these information in the notes to accounts. Atlassian Software Company has also followed foreign exchange management policies to make legal compliance for all the foreign transactions. In addition to this, remittance of money from one country to another country has been made by company by following proper level of rules and regulation of FEMA act 2001. Atlassian Software Company have to face red flag arise in accounting and reporting of in various cases such as related party transactions. Therefore, it is inferred that if company follow proper level of rule and IFRS standards in its accounting and reporting frameworks then it will strengthen companys sustainability in determined approach. Conclusion In this report, accounting standards and accounting policies followed by Atlassian Software Company in its reporting frameworks has been done. It is considered that accounting policies are the rules and regulations which needs to be complied by accountant and management department while reporting its financial statement. After evaluating the annual report of Atlassian Software Company, it could be inferred that company has established proper level of harmonization in its IFRS accounting standards and GAAP rules while reporting its financial statements with reporting authorities. After evaluating the annual report of company, it is observed that company has established proper level of harmonization in IFRS standard and GAAP standards. However, these all red flags which are identified in this report may be mitigated by Atlassian Software Company if it follows proper level of IFRS rules and GAAP standards References Aobdia, D., Lin, C.J. and Petacchi, R., 2015. Capital market consequences of audit partner quality.The Accounting Review,90(6), pp.2143-2176. Atkins, J. and Maroun, W., 2015. Integrated reporting in South Africa in 2012: Perspectives from South African institutional investors.Meditari Accountancy Research,23(2), pp.197-221. Ball, R., Li, X. and Shivakumar, L., 2015. Contractibility and transparency of financial statement information prepared under IFRS: Evidence from debt contracts around IFRS adoption.Journal of Accounting Research,53(5), pp.915-963. Barth, M.E., 2013. Global comparability in financial reporting: What, why, how, and when?.China Journal of Accounting Studies,1(1), pp.2-12. Bischof, J., Brggemann, U. and Daske, H., 2014. Fair value reclassifications of financial assets during the financial crisis. Cairns, D., Massoudi, D., Taplin, R. and Tarca, A., 2011. IFRS fair value measurement and accounting policy choice in the United Kingdom and Australia.The British Accounting Review,43(1), pp.1-21. Chen, J., Cumming, D., Hou, W. and Lee, E., 2016. Does the external monitoring effect of financial analysts deter corporate fraud in China?.Journal of Business Ethics,134(4), pp.727-742. Christensen, H.B., Lee, E., Walker, M. and Zeng, C., 2015. Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption?.European Accounting Review,24(1), pp.31-61. Cline, B.N., Garner, J.L. and Yore, A.S., 2014. Exploitation of the internal capital market and the avoidance of outside monitoring.Journal of Corporate Finance,25, pp.234-250. Clinton, S.B., Pinello, A.S. and Skaife, H.A., 2014. The implications of ineffective internal control and SOX 404 reporting for financial analysts.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,33(4), pp.303-327. de Ricquebourg, D. and Jonathan, A., 2013.The usefulness of direct cash flow statements under IFRS. University of Leeds. Hussey, R. and Ong, A., 2017.Corporate Financial Reporting. Springer. Irvine, H. and Moerman, L., 2017. Gambling with the public sphere: Accountings contribution to debate on social issues.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Jaggi, B., Allini, A., Rossi, F.M. and Caldarelli, A., 2016. Impact of accounting traditions, ownership and governance structures on financial reporting by Italian firms.Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies,19(01), p.1650001. Kieso, D.E., Weygandt, J.J. and Warfield, T.D., 2010.Intermediate accounting: IFRS edition(Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Mardini, G.H., Crawford, L. and Power, D.M., 2015. Perceptions of external auditors, preparers and users of financial statements about the adoption of IFRS 8: Evidence from Jordan.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,16(1), pp.2-27. Nobes, C.W. and Stadler, C., 2015. The qualitative characteristics of financial information, and managers accounting decisions: evidence from IFRS policy changes.Accounting and Business Research,45(5), pp.572-601. Steman, J., 2016.The post adoption impact of IFRS 8 on segment disclosure quality: evidence from European and Australian listed firms(Master's thesis, University of Twente). Sytnik, O.E., 2014. Comparative analysis of the guidelines for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS and formed the Russian accounting rules. Sworld,27(2), pp.27-31.

Nonmedicinal Performance Stimulants for Drug Abuse - myassignmenthelp

Question: Do stimulants increase academic performance among university students? Answer: The issue of non-medical utilization of stimulants for exclusive academic performance improvement purpose is virally being a popular practice between university and college learners. Recent publications and research findings have pointed out that these drugs are technically highly available on campus and the drugs are particularly sought out by students who struggle academically. The problem, however, is far from solved, the reduction of nonmedical use of drugs in university requires particular attention to other third-party variables like heavy drinking and the possible involvement in another drug abuse. Also, at the national level, the prescription drugs for non-medical purposes is becoming a more significant aspect pf illegal drug utilization cases among college students (Singh, Bard Jackson, 2014). In relation, the paper is a comprehensive review whose primary objective is to gain an in-depth understanding the intention of learners to utilize stimulant medication to enhance acad emic achievement (Ponnet, et al., 2015). The case study is analyzed from the perspective of Wasim who is a 29-year-old male Arts student at one of the Australian Universities. The main points of the paper will be examined through an analysis of two research articles: Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students by Hildt Franke and the relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes by Munro, et al., 2017. Hildt, Lieb Franke (2014) Authorship Hildt, Lieb and Franke are renowned scholars particularly in regards to psychology. The three participated in the conception as well as the design of the study. Also, all of the three authors actively took part in the process of drafting and interpreting data and manuscript revision. Franke and Lieb are affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DPP) at the University Medical Center Mainz (UMCM) in Germany. Lieb is also an HOD. Franke technically is a departments trainee. Hildt is from the Department of Philosophy (DoP) and is a renowned expert in the field of Neuroethics. Research Aims With the increasing attention that academic performance enhancement also known as cognitive enhancement through the use of stimulant drugs has established, the main study objective was to scrutinize in a broader perspective the pharmacological academic-performance improvement phenomenon via illicit stimulant alongside prescription. More specifically, it aimed at understanding the experiences of students, the effect of these drug usage on learners and related variables like compression to excel in private as well as academic lives. Design The method or the design of the study was embedded on a sample of approximately 18 very healthy university learners with non-medical utilization of drug prescription and other illegal stimulants that aim at academic-performance improvement. The 18 selected partakers stood interviewed. The interviews were based on one to one context. The lead queries remained associated with context alongside situation whereby campus learners decided to use the non-medical stimulants after a well-thought-out decision. Findings From the resulting transcription, 2 of the autonomous raters acknowledged 6 vital groups. The categories were related to life context of stimulant usage for technically exclusive purposes of enhanced academic achievement. The six stated categories were: the context that stimulate the use of the drugs beyond enhancement of academic-performance, the pressure to perform, the consumption timing, and subjective experiences particularly of the enhancement, side effects and the objective academic results that are expected. Also, from an analysis of the conclusion, enhancement of academic-performance via channeled nonmedical stimulants utilization is stemmed deep into the problem. The participants did not only consider the experience to be advantageous but also considered the act a leading agent in creating a suitable balance between two concepts: studying as well as time off. Common reasons attributed to the use of these stimulants include: increase motivation, cope with memorizing and to m aximize on time. In relation, the study acknowledged substantial inconsistency between objective academic outcomes and subjective experiences. Strengths and weaknesses Regarding weaknesses, the book acknowledges that there exists limited scientific research and evidence that back up pro-cognitive properties among individuals who are considered healthy. Data presented also show inconsistency particularly in regards to cognitive effects particularly on solely simple as well as heightened cognitive domains on subjects with sleep-deprived pro-cognitive attributes or effects. Beyond that, however, the book provides comprehensive reviews of the use of smart drugs and how exactly this use has impacted the lives of university students which was the primary objective of the research. Munro et al. 2017 Authorship The books multiple authorship gives it a unique sense as well as uniformity of style and an extensive balance of the contexts. The authorship is also embedded on the substantial contribution of the acquisition, analysis and the interpretation of the data used in the text. Additionally, Munro, Weyandt, Marraccini Oster are all renowned experts in the field of psychology and social sciences and have technically extensively contributed to the area of study. Research Aims The studys primary objective is the analysis of the concept of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) among university students. The study in an in-depth analysis examines the concept of Executive functioning, self-regulation, cognitive flexibility and goal-directed behaviors. The study just as the previous analyzed article also aims at understanding the experiences of students and how these experiences shape decisions especially those embedded on academic achievements. Design Samples were derived from 308 students. The students were from diverse public universities around the United States. The procedures employed in the research included GPA, SSQ and BDEFS. Findings It was exposed that approximately 18.6% of the sampled students reported the NMUPS utilization. Partakers with clinical EF-deficits showed advanced NMUPS levels weighed against those with no deficits in EF. However, it is important to point out that NMUPS did not extensively influence the association between GPA and EF. Strengths and weaknesses The outcomes showed the existing insinuations for the identification of subpopulations of college leaners at risks for NMUPS engagement. It also gave suggestions for intervention strategies aimed at improving prevention techniques that reduce NMUPS. The book also gave suggestions for future research on the case study. On the other hand, the authors did not effectively address the PICO question since the final remarks do not give a directed answer on whether stimulants increase academic performance among university students. Based on the literature, students with EF discrepancies engage in NMUPS so as to aid them in overcoming academic related challenges hence helps in the academic achievements of such students. Barriers for the application of evidence in practice The use of prescription stimulants for nonmedical purposes has turned out to be more common in college students than students in high school. Technically, this creates an extensive foundation for barriers for the application of evidence in practice. Recent studies show that 4.2% to 10.8% of college students use prescription stimulants use in a year (Maier, Liechti, Herzig Schaub, 2013). The increasing number relatively creates a challenge regarding the application in the evidence of the practice. The following is a representation of students in colleges that use nonmedically prescribed stimulants. Most often, students who use these drugs obtained them from their colleagues who have a prescription. The pills are often given away to them for free (Bell, Partridge, Lucke Hall, 2013). The approximation points out that over 61.6% of ADHD-diagnosed college learners divert corresponding stimulants of prescription. Healthcare providers, college administrators, parents as well as the students themselves have the first role responsibility to actively discourage the use of the nonmedical prescription stimulants. PICO elements Regarding analyzing how closely the two research studies relate to the PICO question, it is true to say that the two articles point out that many college students use the nonmedical stimulants due to the assumed benefits but the studies lack to support or refute this belief. Simply put, the general argument for the two articles is that nonmedical use of stimulants is not moderated or impacted by the relationship that exists between the GPA and the EF of the students (McCabe et al 2014). In summary, the research studies do not effectively address the case study question and hence leaves open-ended questions for future research and findings. The paper dispels some of the widespread myths that attempt to rationalize and encourage the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (Benson, Flory, Humphreys Lee, 2015). Unfortunately, the myths are perpetuated in media platforms and as a result stabilized its roots into the college culture. It is true to say that the myths have clouded the thought related to the potential harm that can be caused by the nonmedical use of the stimulants (Verdi, Weyandt Zavras, 2016). However, the much scientific evidence is now available that points out that nonmedical NMUPS is never an isolated, one-time attempt at gaining an advantageous edge but rather, part of a larger constellation of illicit and potentially problematic behaviors that relate to alcohol and drug involvement (Mazanov, Dunn, Connor Fielding, 2013). A comprehensive plan should, therefore, be established to reduce nonmedical prescription stimulants usage among college students (Jensen, Forlini, Partridge Hall, 2016). It is vita l to dispel myths, encourage new research and technology that aim at learning more about the nature of the issue, disseminate correct information and to identify risk factors associated with the drug use to aid in the attempts towards reducing the NMUPS alongside related controlled substances. References Bell, S., Partridge, B., Lucke, J., Hall, W. (2013). Australian university students attitudes towards the acceptability and regulation of pharmaceuticals to improve academic performance.Neuroethics,6(1), 197-205. Benson, K., Flory, K., Humphreys, K. L., Lee, S. S. (2015). Misuse of stimulant medication among college students: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.Clinical child and family psychology review,18(1), 50-76. Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university studentsa qualitative approach.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 23. Jensen, C., Forlini, C., Partridge, B., Hall, W. (2016). 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